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Antigen Processing and Presentation

Antigen processing and presentation are fundamental immunological processes that allow T cells to recognize foreign antigens, such as peptides from pathogens, and distinguish them from self-antigens. This recognition is only possible when the fragments are physically displayed on the cell surface by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. There are two antigen presentation pathways, MHC Class I and MHC Class II, which present antigens, depending on whether the antigen originated inside or outside the cell. This determines which T cell subset will be activated. MHC Class II Pathway includes endogenous (Intracellular) antigens, such as viral proteins or tumor antigens. Exogenous (Extracellular) antigens, such as bacteria or toxins taken up by phagocytosis. The cells involved include: Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs), Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, B cells, CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells, and CD4+ Helper T Cells. The MHC Class I Pathway (Endogenous) alerts CD8+ T cells to an intracellular threat so the cell can be destroyed. Proteins (self or foreign, e.g., viral) in the cytoplasm are tagged with ubiquitin and degraded into short peptides by the proteasome. The peptides are transported into the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) by the TAP (Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing) proteins. In the ER, an MHC Class I molecule is assembled and stabilized by chaperones. The short peptide binds to the groove of the MHC Class I molecule, displacing the chaperones. The stable peptide-MHC I complex travels through the Golgi apparatus and is expressed on the cell surface for inspection by CD8+ T cells. The MHC Class II Pathway (Exogenous) activates CD4+ T cells, which then coordinate the broader immune response. Professional APCs (Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, B cells) internalize extracellular antigens (e.g., bacteria) via phagocytosis or endocytosis, placing them inside a vesicle called an endosome. Proteases in the increasingly acidic endosome/lysosome compartment degrade the antigen into peptide fragments. Meanwhile, the MHC Class II molecule is synthesized in the ER and protected by an Invariant Chain (Ii), which prevents it from binding endogenous peptides. The MHC II-Ii complex is routed to the endosome. In the endosome, an enzyme (HLA-DM) removes a fragment of the invariant chain (CLIP), allowing the processed exogenous peptide to bind to the MHC Class II molecule's groove. The stable peptide-MHC II complex is transported to and displayed on the APC's surface for inspection by CD4+ T cells.

Human Antigen Processing and Presentation Primer Library
A ready-to-use Human Antigen Processing & Presentation PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against antigen processing and presentation genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



GENE LIST:

ADRM1 adhesion regulating molecule 1

CALR calreticulin

CANX calnexin

CD1A CD1a molecule

CD1B CD1b molecule

CD1C CD1c molecule

CD1D CD1d molecule

CD209 CD209 molecule

CD4 CD4 molecule

CD74 CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain

CD8A CD8a molecule

CD8B CD8b molecule

CIITA class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator

CLEC4M C-type lectin domain family 4, member M

CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1

CTSB cathepsin B

CTSL1 cathepsin L1

CTSS cathepsin S

ERAP1 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1

ERAP2 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2

FCGRT Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha

HLA-A major histocompatibility complex, class I, A

HLA-B major histocompatibility complex, class I, B

HLA-C major histocompatibility complex, class I, C

HLA-DOA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO alpha

HLA-DQA1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1

HLA-DQB1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1

HLA-DRA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha

HLA-DRB1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta

HLA-DRB3 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 3

HLA-E major histocompatibility complex, class I, E

HLA-G major histocompatibility complex, class I, G

HSP90AB1 heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1

HSPA1A heat shock 70kDa protein 1A

HSPA1B heat shock 70kDa protein 1B

HSPA1L heat shock 70kDa protein 1-like

HSPA2 heat shock 70kDa protein 2

HSPA5 heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)

HSPA6 heat shock 70kDa protein 6 (HSP70B')

HSPA8 heat shock 70kDa protein 8

ICAM1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1

IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1

IFNA10 interferon, alpha 10

IFNA13 interferon, alpha 13

IFNA14 interferon, alpha 14

IFNA16 interferon, alpha 16

IFNA17 interferon, alpha 17

IFNA2 interferon, alpha 2

IFNA21 interferon, alpha 21

IFNA4 interferon, alpha 4

IFNA5 interferon, alpha 5

IFNA6 interferon, alpha 6

IFNA7 interferon, alpha 7

IFNA8 interferon, alpha 8

IFNG interferon, gamma

KIR2DL4 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4

KLRC1 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1

KLRC2 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2

KLRD1 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1

LGMN legumain

LTA lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)

MICA In multiple Geneids

MICB MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B

MR1 major histocompatibility complex, class I-related

NFYA nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha

PDIA2 protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 2

PSMB8 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8 (large multifunctional peptidase 7)

PSMC2 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 2

PSMC3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 3

PSMC4 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 4

PSMC5 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 5

PSMD1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 1

PSMD11 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 11

PSMD4 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4

PSMD6 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 6

PSME1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)

PSME2 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 2 (PA28 beta)

PSME3 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki)

RELB v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B

SHFM1 Split Hand/Foot Malformation (Ectrodactyly) Type 1

SLC10A2 solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 2

TAP1 transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)

TAP2 transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)

TAPBP TAP binding protein (tapasin)

TAPBPL TAP binding protein-like

THBS1 thrombospondin 1

UBR1 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 1

ULBP1 UL16 Binding Protein 1

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPD Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
HAPP-I
Mouse Antigen Processing and Presentation Primer Library
$495.00
MAPP-I