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Adaptive and Innate Immune Response

The immune response is mediated by a vast number of genes that govern both the rapid, nonspecific innate immunity and the slower, highly specific adaptive immunity. These genes control everything from pathogen recognition to immune cell development and signaling.

Key Genes in Innate Immunity Innate immune response genes are typically "hard-wired" in the genome and encode for molecules that recognize molecular patterns common to pathogens.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs): These receptors recognize structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): Genes like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 recognize bacterial components, viral components, and more, initiating signaling cascades.

NOD-like Receptors (NLRs): Genes like NOD1 and NOD2 detect intracellular microbial components.

Signaling/Effector Molecules: Genes involved in the downstream inflammatory and antiviral response.

Cytokines and Chemokines: Genes such as TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), IL-1 (Interleukin-1), and Interferon (IFN) genes are critical for inflammation and coordinating the immune response.

Complement System Components: Genes encoding the plasma proteins that form the complement cascade (e.g., C1, C3, Factor B).

Key Genes in Adaptive Immunity Adaptive immune genes are characterized by mechanisms that generate immense diversity, allowing for the recognition of virtually any antigen.

Antigen Receptor Genes: The defining feature of adaptive immunity is the creation of unique receptors on T and B cells.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) Genes (B cells): The genes for the heavy and light chains of antibodies/B cell receptors undergo V(D)J recombination (a unique somatic gene rearrangement) to create millions of different specificities.

T Cell Receptor (TCR) Genes (T cells): Similar to Ig, TCR genes also undergo V(D)J recombination to produce highly diverse T cell receptors.

Antigen Presentation Genes: These genes encode molecules that display antigens to T cells.

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Genes (HLA in humans): These genes encode the MHC Class I and MHC Class II proteins, which are crucial for presenting antigens to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively.

T Cell Activation/Differentiation Genes: Genes that control the activation and fate of T lymphocytes.

Cytokine Receptors and Transcription Factors: Genes for molecules like CD4, CD8, and master transcription factors such as T-bet (for Th1 cells) and GATA-3 (for Th2 cells) determine the specific adaptive response.

The Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity While distinct, the innate and adaptive systems are highly integrated. Many genes, particularly those encoding cytokines and chemokines, are expressed by cells of both systems and mediate their crosstalk. For example, dendritic cells (innate immunity) use their PRR genes to recognize a pathogen, process the antigen, and then use their MHC and costimulatory molecule genes to activate T cells (adaptive immunity), effectively bridging the two arms.

Human Adaptive & Innate Immune Response Primer Library
A ready-to-use Human Adaptive & Innate Immune Response PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against adaptive and immune response genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



Gene List:

ADORA2A Adenosine A2a receptor

C5 Complement component 5

C8A Complement component 8, alpha polypeptide

CAMP Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

CASP1 Caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (interleukin 1, beta, convertase)

CASP4 Caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

CCL2 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

CCR3 Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3

CD14 CD14 molecule

CD1D CD1d molecule

CD55 CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)

CHUK Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase

COLEC12 Collectin sub-family member 12

CRP C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related

CXCR4 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

CYBB Cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide

DEFB4 Defensin, beta 4

DMBT1 Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1

FN1 Fibronectin 1

HMOX1 Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1

IFNA1 Interferon, alpha 1

IFNB1 Interferon, beta 1, fibroblast

IFNG Interferon Gamma

IFNGR1 Interferon gamma receptor 1

IFNGR2 Interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma transducer 1)

IKBKB Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta

IL10 Interleukin 10

IL12RB2 Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2

IL1A Interleukin 1, alpha

IL1B Interleukin 1, beta

IL1F10 Interleukin 1 family, member 10 (theta)

IL1R1 Interleukin 1 receptor, type I

IL1R2 Interleukin 1 receptor, type II

IL1RAP Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein

IL1RAPL2 Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 2

IL1RL2 Interleukin 1 receptor-like 2

IL1RN Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist

IL2 Interleukin 2

IL36RN Interleukin 36 receptor antagonist

IL36A Interleukin 36, alpha

IL37 Interleukin 37

IL36B Interleukin 36, beta

IL36G Interleukin 36, gamma

IL4 Interleukin 4

IL6 Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)

IL8 Interleukin 8

IRAK1 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1

IRAK2 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2

IRF1 Interferon regulatory factor 1

LALBA Lactalbumin, alpha-

LBP Lipopolysaccharide binding protein

LTF Lactotransferrin

LY96 Lymphocyte antigen 96

LYZ Lysozyme

MAPK14 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14

MAPK8 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8

MIF Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)

MYD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88)

NCF4 Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4, 40kDa

NFKB1 Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1

NFKB2 Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)

NFKBIA Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha

NLRC4 NLR family, CARD domain containing 4

NOS2 Nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible

PGLYRP1 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1

PGLYRP2 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2

PGLYRP3 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3

PPBP Pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)

PROC Protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa)

PTAFR Platelet-activating factor receptor S100A12 S100 calcium binding protein A12

SERPINA1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1

SERPINE1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1

SFTPD Surfactant protein D

TGFB1 Transforming growth factor, beta 1

TLR1 Toll-like receptor 1

TLR10 Toll-like receptor 10

TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2

TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3

TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4

TLR6 Toll-like receptor 6

TLR8 Toll-like receptor 8

TLR9 Toll-like receptor 9

TNF Tumor necrosis factor

TNFRSF1A Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A

TOLLIP Toll interacting protein

TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6

TREM1 Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

Pgk1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
HAIIR-I
Mouse Adaptive & Innate Immune Response Primer Library
A ready-to-use Mouse Adaptive & Innate Immune Response PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against adaptive and immune response genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



Gene List:

ADORA2A Adenosine A2a receptor

C5 Complement component 5

C8A Complement component 8, alpha polypeptide

CAMP Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

CASP1 Caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (interleukin 1, beta, convertase)

CASP4 Caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

CCL2 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

CCR3 Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3

CD14 CD14 molecule

CD1D CD1d molecule

CD55 CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)

CHUK Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase

COLEC12 Collectin sub-family member 12

CRP C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related

CXCR4 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

CYBB Cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide

DEFB4 Defensin, beta 4

DMBT1 Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1

FN1 Fibronectin 1

HMOX1 Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1

IFNA1 Interferon, alpha 1

IFNB1 Interferon, beta 1, fibroblast

IFNG Interferon Gamma

IFNGR1 Interferon gamma receptor 1

IFNGR2 Interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma transducer 1)

IKBKB Inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta

IL10 Interleukin 10

IL12RB2 Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2

IL1A Interleukin 1, alpha

IL1B Interleukin 1, beta

IL1F10 Interleukin 1 family, member 10 (theta)

IL1R1 Interleukin 1 receptor, type I

IL1R2 Interleukin 1 receptor, type II

IL1RAP Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein

IL1RAPL2 Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 2

IL1RL2 Interleukin 1 receptor-like 2

IL1RN Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist

IL2 Interleukin 2

IL36RN Interleukin 36 receptor antagonist

IL36A Interleukin 36, alpha

IL37 Interleukin 37

IL36B Interleukin 36, beta

IL36G Interleukin 36, gamma

IL4 Interleukin 4

IL6 Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)

IL8 Interleukin 8

IRAK1 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1

IRAK2 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2

IRF1 Interferon regulatory factor 1

LALBA Lactalbumin, alpha-

LBP Lipopolysaccharide binding protein

LTF Lactotransferrin

LY96 Lymphocyte antigen 96

LYZ Lysozyme

MAPK14 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14

MAPK8 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8

MIF Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)

MYD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88)

NCF4 Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4, 40kDa

NFKB1 Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1

NFKB2 Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100)

NFKBIA Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha

NLRC4 NLR family, CARD domain containing 4

NOS2 Nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible

PGLYRP1 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1

PGLYRP2 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2

PGLYRP3 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3

PPBP Pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)

PROC Protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa)

PTAFR Platelet-activating factor receptor S100A12 S100 calcium binding protein A12

SERPINA1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1

SERPINE1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1

SFTPD Surfactant protein D

TGFB1 Transforming growth factor, beta 1

TLR1 Toll-like receptor 1

TLR10 Toll-like receptor 10

TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2

TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3

TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4

TLR6 Toll-like receptor 6

TLR8 Toll-like receptor 8

TLR9 Toll-like receptor 9

TNF Tumor necrosis factor

TNFRSF1A Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A

TOLLIP Toll interacting protein

TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6

TREM1 Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

Pgk1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
MAIIR-I