Insulin is the main hormone controlling blood glucose. Insulin binds the insulin receptor (INSR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, IRS2). These recruit PI3K, leading to activation of AKT, which promotes GLUT4 movement to the cell membrane and glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis through GSK3 inhibition, and protein synthesis through mTOR, while suppressing gluconeogenesis through FOXO1. Insulin also activates the RAS-MAPK pathway to regulate growth. Impaired insulin signaling (insulin resistance) is central to type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome.
A ready-to-use Human Insulin Signaling PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against insulin signaling genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets. Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM) Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction) Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix GENE LIST: AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 EGR1 early growth response 1 EIF4E eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E EIF4EBP1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 ELK1 ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 FLOT1 flotillin 1 FLOT2 flotillin 2 FOS FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog FOXO1 Forkhead box O1 FOXO3 Forkhead box O3 GAB1 GRB2-associated binding protein 1 GRB10 growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 GRB14 growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 GRB2 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 GSK3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta GYS1 glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) GYS2 glycogen synthase 2 (liver) HRAS v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog INPPL1 inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1 IRS2 insulin receptor substrate 2 IRS4 insulin receptor substrate 4 JUN jun proto-oncogene LIPE lipase, hormone-sensitive LIPE Lipase, hormone-sensitive MAP2K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 MAP2K2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 MAP2K3 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 MAP2K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 MAP2K5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 MAP2K6 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 MAPK12 mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 MAPK6 mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 MAPK7 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 MAPK8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) PDPK1 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 PFKL phosphofructokinase, liver PIK3AP1 Phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1 PIK3C3 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 3 PIK3CA phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide PIK3CB phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide PIK3CD phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, delta polypeptide PIK3CG phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma polypeptide PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) PIK3R2 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta) PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit PRKAA2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit PRKCA protein kinase C, alpha PRKCB1 Data not found PRKCD protein kinase C, delta PRKCH protein kinase C, eta PRKCI protein kinase C, iota PRKCZ protein kinase C, zeta PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog PTPN1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 PTPRF protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F RAC1 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) RAC2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) RAF1 v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 RHEB Ras homolog enriched in brain RPS6KA1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 1 RPS6KA2 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 2 RPS6KA3 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3 RPS6KA4 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 4 RPS6KA5 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 5 RPS6KB1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1 RPS6KB2 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 2 RRAD Ras-related associated with diabetes SGK1 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 SGK2 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 SGK3 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 3 SHC1 SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1 SHC2 SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 2 SHC3 SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 3 SOS1 son of sevenless homolog 1 SOS2 son of sevenless homolog 2 SRF serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor) TRIB3 tribbles homolog 3 (Drosophila) TSC1 tuberous sclerosis 1 TSC2 tuberous sclerosis 2 ACTB Actin, beta B2M Beta-2-microglobulin GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GUSB Glucuronidase, beta HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a $495.00 |