Glucose metabolism provides energy and biosynthetic precursors for cells. Glucose enters cells through GLUT transporters and is broken down by glycolysis to pyruvate, which enters the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria or is converted to lactate. Glucose can also be stored as glycogen, made from non-carbohydrate sources by gluconeogenesis in the liver, or used in the pentose phosphate pathway. These pathways are controlled by insulin, glucagon, AMPK and HIF1A, and their dysregulation underlies diabetes and the altered metabolism of cancer cells (the Warburg effect).
A ready-to-use Human Glucose Metabolism PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against glucose metabolism genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets. Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM) Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction) Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix GENE LIST: ACLY ATP citrate lyase ACO1 aconitase 1, soluble ACO2 aconitase 2, mitochondrial AGL amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha- glucanotransferase AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 AKT3 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 ALDOA aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate ALDOB aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate ALDOC aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate BPGM 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase DLD dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ENO1 enolase 1, (alpha) ENO2 enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) ENO3 enolase 3 (beta, muscle) FBP1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 FBP2 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 FH fumarate hydratase G6PC glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit G6PC3 glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic, 3 G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GALM galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase) GCG glucagon GCK glucokinase (hexokinase 4) GPI glucose-6-phosphate isomerase GSK3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta GYS1 glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) GYS2 glycogen synthase 2 (liver) H6PD hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase HK1 hexokinase 1 HK2 hexokinase 2 HK3 hexokinase 3 IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble IDH2 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial IDH3A isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha IDH3B isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta IDH3G isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma INS insulin INSR insulin receptor INSRR insulin receptor-related receptor LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A MDH1 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD MDH2 malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD PC pyruvate carboxylase PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 PCK2 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 PDHA1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1 PDHB pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta PDK1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 PDK2 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2 PDK3 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3 PDK4 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 PDP2 pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 PDPR pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit PFKL phosphofructokinase, liver PFKM phosphofructokinase, muscle PFKP phosphofructokinase, platelet PGAM1 phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) PGK2 phosphoglycerate kinase 2 PGLS 6-phosphogluconolactonase PGM1 phosphoglucomutase 1 PGM2 phosphoglucomutase 2 PGM3 phosphoglucomutase 3 PHKA1 phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1 (muscle) PHKB phosphorylase kinase, beta PHKG1 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1 (muscle) PHKG2 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis) PKLR pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC PRPS1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 PRPS1L1 Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1-like 1 PRPS2 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 PYGL phosphorylase, glycogen, liver PYGM phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle RBKS ribokinase RPE ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase RPIA ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A SDHA succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) SDHB succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) SDHC succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa SDHD succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein SLC2A1 solute carrier family 2, member 1 SLC2A2 solute carrier family 2, member 2 SLC2A3 solute carrier family 2, member 3 SLC2A4 solute carrier family 2, member 4 TPI1 triosephosphate isomerase 1 SUCLA2 succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit UGP2 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 ACTB Actin, beta B2M Beta-2-microglobulin GAPD Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GUSB Glucuronidase, beta HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 PGK Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a $395.00 |
A ready-to-use Mouse Glucose Metabolism PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against glucose metabolism genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets. Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM) Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction) Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix GENE LIST: Acly ATP citrate lyase Aco1 aconitase 1, soluble Aco2 aconitase 2, mitochondrial Agl amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase Akt1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 Akt2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 Akt3 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 Aldoa aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate Aldob aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate Aldoc aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate Bpgm 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase Dld dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Eno1 enolase 1, (alpha) Eno2 enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) Eno3 enolase 3 (beta, muscle) Fbp1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 Fbp2 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 Fh fumarate hydratase G6Pc glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit G6Pc3 glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic, 3 G6Pd glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Galm galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase) Gcg glucagon Gck glucokinase (hexokinase 4) Gpi glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Gsk3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Gsk3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Gys1 glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) Gys2 glycogen synthase 2 (liver) H6Pd hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Hk1 hexokinase 1 Hk2 hexokinase 2 Hk3 hexokinase 3 (white cell) Idh1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Idh2 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Idh3A isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha Idh3B isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta Idh3G isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma Ins insulin Insr insulin receptor Insrr insulin receptor-related receptor Ldha lactate dehydrogenase A Mdh1 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mdh2 malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) Pc pyruvate carboxylase Pck1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) Pck2 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) Pdha1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1 Pdhb pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta Pdk1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 Pdk2 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2 Pdk3 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3 Pdk4 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 Pdp2 pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 Pdpr pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit Pfkl phosphofructokinase, liver Pfkm phosphofructokinase, muscle Pfkp phosphofructokinase, platelet Pgam1 phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) Pgk2 phosphoglycerate kinase 2 Pgls 6-phosphogluconolactonase Pgm1 phosphoglucomutase 1 Pgm2 phosphoglucomutase 2 Pgm3 phosphoglucomutase 3 Phka1 phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1 (muscle) Phkb phosphorylase kinase, beta Phkg1 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1 (muscle) Phkg2 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis) Pklr pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC Prps1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 Prps1L1 Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1-like 1 Prps2 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 Pygl phosphorylase, glycogen, liver Pygm phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle Rbks ribokinase Rpe ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Rpia ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A Sdha succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) Sdhb succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Sdhc succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa Sdhd succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein Slc2A1 solute carrier family 2, member 1 Slc2A2 solute carrier family 2, member 2 Slc2A3 solute carrier family 2, member 3 Slc2A4 solute carrier family 2, member 4 Tpi1 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Sucla2 succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit Ugp2 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Actb Actin, beta B2M Beta-2-microglobulin Gapdh Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gusb Glucuronidase, beta Hprt1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Pgk1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Ppia Peptidylprolyl isomerase A Rpl13A Ribosomal protein L13a $495.00 |
A ready-to-use Rat Glucose Metabolism PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against glucose metabolism genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets. Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM) Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction) Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix GENE LIST: Acly ATP citrate lyase Aco1 aconitase 1, soluble Aco2 aconitase 2, mitochondrial Agl amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase Akt1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 Akt2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 Akt3 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 Aldoa aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate Aldob aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate Aldoc aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate Bpgm 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase Dld dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Eno1 enolase 1, (alpha) Eno2 enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) Eno3 enolase 3 (beta, muscle) Fbp1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 Fbp2 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 Fh fumarate hydratase G6Pc glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit G6Pc3 glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic, 3 G6Pd glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Galm galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase) Gcg glucagon Gck glucokinase (hexokinase 4) Gpi glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Gsk3A glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Gsk3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Gys1 glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) Gys2 glycogen synthase 2 (liver) H6Pd hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Hk1 hexokinase 1 Hk2 hexokinase 2 Hk3 hexokinase 3 (white cell) Idh1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Idh2 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Idh3A isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha Idh3B isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta Idh3G isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma Ins insulin Insr insulin receptor Insrr insulin receptor-related receptor Ldha lactate dehydrogenase A Mdh1 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mdh2 malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) Pc pyruvate carboxylase Pck1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) Pck2 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) Pdha1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1 Pdhb pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta Pdk1 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 Pdk2 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2 Pdk3 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3 Pdk4 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 Pdp2 pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 Pdpr pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit Pfkl phosphofructokinase, liver Pfkm phosphofructokinase, muscle Pfkp phosphofructokinase, platelet Pgam1 phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) Pgk2 phosphoglycerate kinase 2 Pgls 6-phosphogluconolactonase Pgm1 phosphoglucomutase 1 Pgm2 phosphoglucomutase 2 Pgm3 phosphoglucomutase 3 Phka1 phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1 (muscle) Phkb phosphorylase kinase, beta Phkg1 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1 (muscle) Phkg2 phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis) Pklr pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC Prps1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 Prps1L1 Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1-like 1 Prps2 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 Pygl phosphorylase, glycogen, liver Pygm phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle Rbks ribokinase Rpe ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Rpia ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A Sdha succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) Sdhb succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Sdhc succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa Sdhd succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein Slc2A1 solute carrier family 2, member 1 Slc2A2 solute carrier family 2, member 2 Slc2A3 solute carrier family 2, member 3 Slc2A4 solute carrier family 2, member 4 Tpi1 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Sucla2 succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit Ugp2 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Actb Actin, beta B2M Beta-2-microglobulin Gapdh Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gusb Glucuronidase, beta Hprt1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Pgk1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Ppia Peptidylprolyl isomerase A Rpl13A Ribosomal protein L13a $495.00 |