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Adipogenesis

Adipogenesis is the biological process of cell differentiation by which precursor cells (preadipocytes) mature into fat-storing cells called adipocytes. It is a tightly regulated process essential for maintaining metabolic health.

The function of adipogenesis extends beyond simply storing fat and is critical for whole-body energy balance and health. The primary function is to create mature adipocytes, which store energy in the form of triglycerides (fat) within lipid droplets. This fat reserve is mobilized (lipolysis) when energy expenditure exceeds intake. Adipogenesis provides a safe place to sequester excess lipids, thereby protecting other vital organs, such as the liver, heart, and muscle, from excessive fat accumulation (lipotoxicity). Adipocytes are active endocrine cells that secrete hormones and signaling molecules called adipokines (e.g., leptin and adiponectin) that regulate appetite, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolism. The generation of new fat cells (hyperplasia) is a key mechanism for healthy adipose tissue expansion, which is essential to manage chronic energy surplus and maintain metabolic sensitivity. Adipogenesis is controlled by a coordinated cascade of transcription factors that drive the change in gene expression required for terminal differentiation. PPAR gamma (PPARG) is the master regulator of adipogenesis. It induces the expression of virtually all downstream adipocyte-specific genes (lipogenic, insulin-sensitizing). (CEBPA)CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein is a key late-stage regulator that works synergistically with PPAR gamma. It promotes terminal differentiation, growth arrest, and the expression of genes for insulin signaling and lipogenesis. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding ProteinsEarly-stage activators are rapidly induced and drive the expression of the master regulators, PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 is an adipocyte-specific gene induced by PPAR gamma that is critical for fatty acid transport and metabolism within the cell. Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is an adipocyte-specific hormone induced by PPAR gamma that enhances insulin sensitivity and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Extracellular signals (like insulin and glucocorticoids) activate the early transcription factors C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta. C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta induce the expression of the master regulators, PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha. PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha form a positive feedback loop and collaboratively activate the battery of genes required for a mature adipocyte phenotype, including those for lipid synthesis, storage, and hormone secretion (e.g., FABP4 and ADIPOQ).

Human Adipogenesis Primer Library
A ready-to-use Human Adipogenesis PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against adipogenesis genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



GENE LIST:



ACACB Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta

ADIG Adipogenin

ADIPOQ Adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing

AGPAT2 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2

AGT Angiotensinogen

ANGPT2 Angiopoietin 2

AXIN1 Axin 1

BMP1 Bone morphogenetic protein 1

BMP2 Bone morphogenetic protein 2

BMP3 Bone morphogenetic protein 3

BMP4 Bone morphogenetic protein 4

BSCL2 Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (seipin)

CCND1 Cyclin D1

CDK4 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha

CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta

CEBPD CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), delta

CFD Complement factor D (adipsin)

CFD Complement factor D (adipsin)

CREB1 CAMP responsive element binding protein 1

DKK1 Dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)

DLK1 Delta-like 1 homolog (Drosophila)

E2F1 E2F transcription factor 1

FABP4 Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte

FAS Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6)

FASN Fatty acid synthase

FGF1 Fibroblast growth factor 1

FGF2 Fibroblast growth factor 2

GATA1 GATA binding protein 1

GATA2 GATA binding protein 2

GATA3 GATA binding protein 3

GATA4 GATA binding protein 4

GH1 Growth hormone 1

GTF3A General transcription factor IIIA

IGF1 Insulin-like growth factor 1

IGF2 Insulin-like growth factor 2

IL6 Interleukin 6

IRS1 Insulin receptor substrate 1

IRS2 Insulin receptor substrate 2

IRS4 Insulin receptor substrate 4

JUN Jun proto-oncogene

LEP Leptin

LIPE Lipase, hormone-sensitive

LMNA Lamin A/C

LPIN1 Lipin 1

LPIN2 Lipin 2

LPIN3 Lipin 3

LPL Lipoprotein lipase

MBNL1 Muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1

MEF2A Myocyte enhancer factor 2A

MEF2B Myocyte enhancer factor 2B

MEF2C Myocyte enhancer factor 2C

MEF2D Myocyte enhancer factor 2D

NAMPT Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase

NCOA1 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1

NCOA2 Nuclear receptor coactivator 2

NCOR1 Nuclear receptor corepressor 1

NCOR2 Nuclear receptor corepressor 2

NDN Necdin homolog (mouse)

NR1H3 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3

NR2F2 Nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2

NR3C1 Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1

NRIP1 Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1

PLIN1 Perilipin 1

PLIN2 Perilipin 2

PNPLA3 Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3

PPARA Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

PPARD Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

PPARG Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PPARGC1A Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha

PPARGC1B Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta

PRLR Prolactin receptor

RARA Retinoic acid receptor, alpha

RETN Resistin

RORA RAR-related orphan receptor A

RXRA Retinoid X receptor, alpha

RXRG Retinoid X receptor, gamma

SFRP1 Secreted frizzled-related protein 1

SLC2A4 Solute carrier family 2, member 4

SPOCK Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 1

SREBF1 Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

TGFB1 Transforming growth factor, beta 1

TNF Tumor necrosis factor

UCP1 Uncoupling protein 1

WNT1 Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1

WNT10B Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10B

WNT5A Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A

WNT5B Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
HADG-I
Mouse Adipogenesis Primer Library
A ready-to-use Mouse Adipogenesis PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against adipogenesis genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



GENE LIST:

Acacb acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta

Adig adipogenin

Adipoq adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing

Agpat2 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta)

Agt angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)

Angpt2 angiopoietin 2

Axin1 axin 1

Bmp1 bone morphogenetic protein 1

Bmp2 bone morphogenetic protein 2

Bmp3 bone morphogenetic protein 3

Bmp4 bone morphogenetic protein 4

Bscl2 Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 homolog (seipin)

Ccnd1 cyclin D1

Cdk4 cyclin-dependent kinase 4

Cebpa CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha

Cebpb CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta

Cebpd CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), delta

Cfd complement factor D (adipsin)

Cfd complement factor D (adipsin)

Creb1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1

Dkk1 dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)

Dlk1 delta-like 1 homolog (Drosophila)

E2F1 E2F transcription factor 1

Fabp4 fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte

Fas Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)

Fasn fatty acid synthase

Fgf1 fibroblast growth factor 1

Fgf2 fibroblast growth factor 2

Gata1 GATA binding protein 1

Gata2 GATA binding protein 2

Gata3 GATA binding protein 3

Gata4 GATA binding protein 4

Gh growth hormone 1

Gtf3A general transcription factor III A

Igf1 insulin-like growth factor 1

Igf2 insulin-like growth factor 2

Il6 interleukin 6

Irs1 insulin receptor substrate 1

Irs2 insulin receptor substrate 2

Irs4 insulin receptor substrate 4

Jun jun proto-oncogene

Lep leptin

Lipe lipase, hormone sensitive

Lmna lamin A

Lpin1 lipin 1

Lpin2 lipin 2

Lpin3 lipin 3

Lpl lipoprotein lipase

Mbnl1 muscleblind-like 1 (Drosophila)

Mef2A myocyte enhancer factor 2A

Mef2B myocyte enhancer factor 2B

Mef2C myocyte enhancer factor 2C

Mef2D myocyte enhancer factor 2D

Nampt nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase

Ncoa1 nuclear receptor coactivator 1

Ncoa2 nuclear receptor coactivator 2

Ncor1 nuclear receptor co-repressor 1

Ncor2 nuclear receptor co-repressor 2

Ndn necdin

Nr1H3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3

Nr2F2 nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2

Nr3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1

Nrip1 nuclear receptor interacting protein 1

Plin1 perilipin 1

Plin2 perilipin 2

Pnpla3 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3

Ppara peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha

Ppard peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta

Pparg peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma

Ppargc1A peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha

Ppargc1B peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta

Prlr prolactin receptor

Rara retinoic acid receptor, alpha

Retn resistin

Rora RAR-related orphan receptor alpha

Rxra retinoid X receptor alpha

Rxrg retinoid X receptor gamma

Sfrp1 secreted frizzled-related protein 1

Slc2A4 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4

Spock1 Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 1

Srebf1 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

Tgfb1 transforming growth factor, beta 1

Tnf tumor necrosis factor

Ucp1 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)

Wnt1 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1

Wnt10B wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10B Wnt5A wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A

Wnt5B wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B

Actb actin, beta

B2M beta-2 microglobulin

Gapdh glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Gusb glucuronidase, beta

Hprt1 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

Pgk1 phosphoglycerate kinase 1

Ppia peptidylprolyl isomerase A

Rpl13A ribosomal protein L13A

$495.00
MADG-I